Experiencing cramps after sex can be frustrating, but understanding what’s behind the discomfort is key. If the pain lingers or keeps happening, it’s worth talking to a healthcare provider to get to the root of the issue.

In this article, we'll explore the common causes of post-sex cramps, look at signs that may indicate it's time to consult a doctor, and we’ve rounded up some practical tips to help you manage and alleviate this discomfort.

What Do Cramps After Sex Feel Like?

If you've ever experienced muscle cramps in your life, you know they can vary widely in both intensity and duration. Post-sex cramps, similar to menstrual cramps, can lead to pressure and discomfort in the pelvic area. The pain may localize in the lower abdomen, pelvis, vagina, vulva, or rectum, varying in duration from sudden and brief to chronic and persistent.

The intensity of these cramps can differ greatly, spanning from mild and manageable to moderate or even severe. For some, post-sex cramps manifest as a dull, nagging ache, while others may experience sharp, intense pain. Some people also liken the sensation to bloating, with feelings of fullness or swelling in the pelvic region.

It's important to understand that everyone's experience with cramps is different, and these sensations can be influenced by various factors, such as certain underlying causes, which we'll explore further in this article. Remember, your comfort and well-being are essential, and we're here to provide you with information and guidance on managing these discomforts.

Common Causes of Cramps After Sex

While sex can be enjoyable, the cramps that sometimes follow are far from pleasant. So, why do some of us experience cramping following sexual activity? As it turns out, there are many reasons you might cramp after sex.

Below, we'll provide brief overviews of some of the most common reasons behind post-sex cramping:

Orgasm

Orgasms can sometimes lead to cramps after sex due to the rapid contractions of pelvic muscles during climax⁽¹⁾. These contractions can cause temporary muscle fatigue and tension in the pelvic region, potentially leading to discomfort or cramping sensations. 

Ovulation

Sometimes the cramp isn’t from sex. Instead, ovulation can cause cramping that might coincide with sexual activity. 

Ovulation cramps typically occur in the lower abdomen and can range from a few minutes to a couple of days. If you find yourself experiencing these cramps, it's important to know that you're not alone – as many as 40% of women have reported feeling discomfort during ovulation⁽²⁾. If these cramps are uncomfortable or worsen over time, seek medical treatment promptly.

Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are benign growths of smooth muscle tissue in the uterus. Although they may sound intimidating, they’re noncancerous, and it is common for women to develop one or more fibroids during their reproductive years ⁽³⁾. 

Fibroids are most commonly found in the uterus and sometimes in the cervix, leading to pain that is typically pelvic rather than vaginal. However, they can cause pelvic pain and cramps during and after sex⁽⁴⁾.

Ovarian Cysts

Cysts can occasionally develop in the ovaries, and most of the time, they go unnoticed and do not cause any problems. However, in some cases, they can become large or blood filled and result in rupture, hemorrhage, or torsion, which could be serious gynecological emergencies⁽⁵⁾.

Simple ovarian cysts are typically harmless and often asymptomatic. They can develop with ovulation or as a result of hormonal IUD use. Leakage or rupture, which frequently happens after intercourse, can cause pain but is generally not considered an emergency, as the pain usually resolves on its own. Hemorrhagic cysts, while potentially painful, may either resolve without treatment or require medical intervention. Ovarian torsion, which involves the twisting of the ovary due to a larger, heavier cyst, can cut off the blood supply to the ovary and is considered a gynecologic emergency requiring prompt attention.

If you experience sudden, sharp, and severe lower abdominal pain on one side during sex, it could be a sign of ovarian cyst-related issues⁽⁵⁾. In such situations, it's essential to get in touch with a doctor right away for a thorough evaluation and treatment options. Torsion is generally characterized by colicky, intense, intermittent pain, which may or may not include nausea, vomiting, or even fever.

Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a chronic medical condition that affects approximately 190 million females of reproductive age worldwide. In this condition, tissue resembling the uterine lining, called endometrial tissue, grows outside the uterus, leading to inflammation and the formation of scar tissue in the pelvic region⁽⁶⁾. This requires a medical diagnosis.

Endometriosis frequently leads to intense pelvic pain, particularly during menstruation and during or after sex⁽⁶⁾. A common manifestation is deep dyspareunia—pain experienced during deeper penetration. This pain is believed to be linked to the presence of scar tissue, which can cause tissues and organs to adhere to one another, creating discomfort and pain whenever there is tension or movement.

Intrauterine Device (IUD)

These popular birth control devices, which include both hormonal and non-hormonal types, are known to cause cramps, particularly after they are inserted or removed⁽⁷⁾. If you continue to experience cramping after having an IUD placed, consult your healthcare provider to ensure it is positioned correctly and functioning as intended.

 An IUD can sometimes shift to a low-lying position or even be expelled. When an IUD is low-lying, it may sit in the cervical canal or extend partially into the vagina, which can be especially painful during intercourse or orgasm. Expulsion of an IUD can cause significant, menstrual-like cramping as it occurs. Diagnosis typically involves ultrasound and physical exams.

Interstitial Cystitis

Interstitial Cystitis (IC), also known as painful bladder syndrome, is a challenging chronic condition that results in inflammation and irritation of the bladder wall. This condition often brings about sensations of pressure, pain, and tenderness in the pelvic area, which can resemble cramps, and these discomforts may become more pronounced during and after sexual activity⁽⁸⁾.

IC affects up to 8 million females in the United States alone, and there is no known cure; however, there are lifestyle changes that can help you manage symptoms, such as avoiding alcoholic beverages, coffee, and spicy foods⁽⁸⁾.

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)

UTIs occur when an infection develops in any part of the urinary system. If you have a UTI, you might feel discomfort or cramping in your lower abdomen⁽⁹⁾. 

Having sex while healing from a UTI can make your infection harder to clear and potentially worsen your symptoms, so it’s wise to wait until your UTI treatment is complete and your symptoms have dissipated before engaging in sexual activity⁽¹⁰⁾. 

Other Reasons for Cramps After Sex

• Vaginal/cervical infection ie; yeast infections, bacterial vaginosis (BV) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• Rough sex
• Retroverted uterus
• Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), constipation or other gastro-intestinal condition

Relieving Cramps After Sex

Even if you know what caused your cramps, once they’re underway, relief is usually the main concern. So, how do you get rid of them?

In most cases, cramps will go away on their own in time, but the wait for relief can be frustrating. Here are a few ways that may help alleviate the discomfort of post-sex cramps⁽¹¹⁾:

• Apply heat: Try heat therapy by applying a warm compress or taking a warm bath. However, be cautious of adding fragrant bath salts as they may cause irritation.
• Take pain relievers: Over-the-counter pain relievers can be effective in providing temporary relief for persistent cramps.
• Exercise: Stretching or engaging in gentle pelvic exercises may provide relief by easing muscle contractions, giving you a break from painful cramping.

When to See a Doctor

While home and over-the-counter remedies can help, some cramps require medical attention. How do you know when it’s time to see a doctor? Here are some essential signs to watch for:

• Persistent or recurring cramps: If your cramps don't subside and continue to occur repeatedly, talk to your doctor immediately. Chronic cramps could indicate an underlying issue, such as endometriosis or adenomyosis, a condition where uterine lining cells grow outside the uterus or into the muscle of the uterus respectively. Chronic cramps may be a sign of an underlying issue, such as endometriosis⁽¹²⁾.

• Severe or worsening cramps: If your cramps are exceptionally intense or if they worsen over time, seeking medical advice is crucial. These cramps could be a symptom of a more serious condition⁽¹³⁾.

• Unusual bleeding or discharge: If you notice any irregular vaginal bleeding or unusual discharge accompanying your cramps, it's essential to seek medical attention⁽¹²⁾.

• New symptoms: If your cramps after sex are accompanied by new symptoms like fever, chills, nausea, or vomiting, consult a doctor immediately.

It’s important to remember that urinary and gynecological conditions can turn very serious if left untreated. When in doubt, talk to your doctor, and take a proactive approach to your urogenital health. 

Preventing Cramps After Sex

We've talked about managing cramps when they happen, but here at Uqora we believe in being proactive about health. Here are some tips to take a proactive approach to post-sex cramps:

• Hydrate: Since cramps are often related to hydration and electrolytes, hydrating regularly will go a long way⁽¹⁴⁾.
• Try a new position: You can also experiment with different sexual positions. If a particular position triggers cramps, then shifting body positions might relieve muscle strain and avert cramps in the future⁽¹⁾. Communication and consent are key!
• Lubricate: Lubrication helps lessen any discomfort during sex in general. Consider water-based lubricants that are best for urogenital health. 
• Relaxation techniques: Another option is to try relaxation techniques before, after, and during sex. Stretching, breathing exercises, and anything that helps you reduce physical tension might help. If you find your cramps are a result of pelvic floor weakness, consider pelvic floor therapy. 

Always remember that open communication with your partner is key to putting these tips into action and making sure your sexual experiences are satisfying and enjoyable.

Final Thoughts 

There are many factors that can cause cramps after sex, but more often than not, hydration, stretching, taking pain relievers, and relaxation will take care of the problem. 

If your cramps persist or become more severe, see a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment. Addressing any underlying conditions promptly ensures your well-being and peace of mind.

Note: references to "female", “women”, “male”, and “men” in this article refer to sex assigned at birth, not gender.

This article does not replace medical advice. We recommend you seek treatment if you think you are experiencing a UTI.